APA 7

APA 6

In-text citations with more than three authors are shortened to et al.

Three or more authors: Fraser et al. (2014) or (Fraser et al., 2014)

Six or more authors: Fraser et al. (2014) or (Fraser et al., 2014)

Publisher locations are not included for books and book chapters.

Benesch, S. (2001). Critical English for academic purposes: Theory, politics, and practice. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Benesch, S. (2001). Critical English for academic purposes: Theory, politics, and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Up to 20 authors are now included in a reference.

For up to 20 authors: include all authors' names.
For 21 or more authors: include the names of the first 19 authors, followed by three ellipses (...), then add the final author's name.

For up to 7 authors: include all authors' names.
For 8 or more authors: include the names of the first 6 authors, followed by three ellipses (...), then add the final author's name.

Retrieved from is no longer needed unless there is a retrieval date.

Australian Council for Educational Research. (2010). Doing more for learning: Enhancing engagement and outcomes. https://www.acer.org/files/AUSSE_Australasian-Student-Engagement-Report-ASER-2009.pdf

Australian Council for Educational Research. (2010). Doing more for learning: Enhancing engagement and outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.acer.org/files/AUSSE_Australasian-Student-Engagement-Report-ASER-2009.pdf

Present both URLs and DOIs as hyperlinks.

Seaton, K. A. (2018). Don't cheat yourself: Scenarios to clarify collusion confusion. La Trobe eBureau. https://doi.org/10.26826/1009

Seaton, K. A. (2018). Don't cheat yourself: Scenarios to clarify collusion confusion. doi:10.26826/1009

eBooks

Include the publisher name.

Include the DOI as a hyperlink after the publisher name.

If the book does not have a DOI and comes from an academic research (library) database, reference it as a print book.

Present both DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks.

Do not include the e-reader version, format, platform or device.

Do not include publisher name.

Include e-reader version in square brackets, if applicable.

Include doi label, e.g. doi:10.26826/1009

If the book does not have a DOI include the URL after Retrieved from, or the URL of the academic research (library) database.

Lots more referencing examples available (new to APA 7)

For example,

Audiovisual - artwork, clipart, images, musical scores and more.
Social media - including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn and more.