In-text Referencing

• A number is allocated to a source in the order in which that source has been cited in your assignment
• Use Arabic numerals – 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and so on
• Square [ ] or curved ( ) brackets can be used as long as you are consistent through out your assignment, for example, (1) or [1]
• Superscripts can be used rather than brackets, eg……was investigated. ¹
• To superscript, type number in, highlight the number, Press control, shift and +.  To exit superscript, press Control and space bar.
• Important that punctuation is consistent through out your document
• For both direct quote and paraphrasing, you can include page numbers in an in-text reference if you believe it is necessary  (1 p16-17)
• More than one reference can be cited at one time, for example, (1,6,8-9)
• Multiply works by the same author, even if published in the same year, has its own reference number
• A secondary source is when ideas of one author are published in another author’s work and you have not accessed the original piece of work.  Cite the author of the work you have read and include the source in your reference list

When you read materials for your assignments and then take the ideas to use in your assignment this is called Paraphrasing – although you are using your own words it is another persons ideas and they need to be credited in your work.

In-text referencing occurs at the point in which you refer to another person’s idea.

The following is only one example:

Brown (1 ) has argued that……

Brown [1] has argued that……

Brown¹ has argued that…….

Many students use direct quotes, statistics or pictures in their assignments to support an argument or provide evidence and these need to be credited to the person who created them..

In-text referencing occurs at the point in which you refer to a quote.

The following is only one example

……….“increased risk of tooth decay”.(2)

……….“increased risk of tooth decay”.[2]

……….“increased risk of tooth decay”.²

Typically,  page numbers are not included with the citation number.   However, if you want to specify the source's page number, include the page/s in the format shown below.

Brown [1 p11-12] has argued that……

……….“increased risk of tooth decay”.[2 p11-12]

……….“increased risk of tooth decay”.^2(p11-12)