Books and eBooks

(Grant and Grant 2008, 55)

Grant and Grant (2008, 55)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author #1 Last Name, First Name, and Author #2 First Name Last Name. Year of publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Grant, Peter R., and B. Rosemary Grant. 2008. How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

• Name each author exactly as it appears on the title page except for the first author whose last name is listed first.
• List authors in the order they appear on the title page.
• If the author wrote the entire book provide a reference for the whole book.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Noller, Feeney, and Peterson 2001, 21)

Noller, Feeney, and Peterson (2001, 21)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author #1 Last Name, First Name, Author #2 First Name Last Name, and Author #3 First Name Last Name. Year of publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Noller, Patricia, Judith A. Feeney, and Candida Peterson. 2001. Personal Relationships Across the Lifespan. East Sussex: Psychology Press.

• Name each author exactly as it appears on the title page except for the first author whose last name is listed first.
• List authors in the order they appear on the title page.
• If the author wrote the entire book provide a reference for the whole book.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Fraser et al. 2014, 55)

Fraser et al. (2014, 55)

Author #1 Last Name, First Name, Author #2 First Name Last Name, Author #3 First Name Last Name, and Author #4 First Name Last Name. Year of publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Fraser, Jennifer, Donna Waters, Elizabeth Mary Forster, and Nicola Brown. 2014. Paediatric Nursing in Australia: Principles for Practice. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

• Name each author exactly as it appears on the title page except for the first author whose last name is listed first.
• List authors in the order they appear on the title page.
• For works with more than eleven authors, list the first seven in the Reference List followed by et al.
• If the author wrote the entire book provide a reference for the whole book.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(WHO 2005)

WHO (2005)

Organisation Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Amnesty International. 2008. We Are All Born Free. London: Francis Lincoln Children's Books.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2005. Health and the Millennium Development Goals. Geneva: World Health Organization.

• List the organisation as author if the publication was issued by the organisation.  The organisation may also be the publisher (see WHO example).
• Use the abbreviation or acronym of an organisation for the in-text citation to keep in-text citations short - the corresponding reference list entry will be the abbreviation or acronym followed by the full spelling of the organisation name in parentheses (see WHO example).
• If there is no abbreviation or acronym, use the full name of the organisation in-text and in the reference list (see Amnesty International example).
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tabs for more information.

Use a shortened title with up to the first four words of the full title (omitting a, an, or the).

(Life of Insects 1979, 63) 

Life of Insects (1979, 63)

See In-text citations for more information.

Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Year of publication. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

The Life of Insects. 1979. Morristown, NJ: Silver Burdett.

• In cases where no identified individual is given authorship credit for the work, move the title to the author position.
• Alternatively, if there is an editor you can place the editor in the author position.  See the Edited book tab.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Seaton 2018, 10)

Seaton (2018, 10)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.  https://doi.org/xxxxxx.

Seaton, Katherine A. 2018. Don't Cheat Yourself: Scenarios to Clarify Collusion Confusion. Melbourne: La Trobe eBureau. https://doi.org/10.26826/1009.

• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed.  This is particularly important if you are directing the reader to a specific page or section of the book.
  • If you read the book online, add the URL or DOI to the reference.
  • If you read the book from a Library database, add the DOI, URL or database name.
  • If you downloaded a book that requires a specific app or device, add that information e.g. Adobe Digital Editions PDF, Kindle.
• Name each author exactly as it appears on the title page except for the first author whose last name is listed first.
• List authors in the order they appear on the title page.
• If the author wrote the entire book provide a reference for the whole book.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 

(Firkins Nordstrom 2020)

Firkins Nordstrom (2020)

See In-text citations for more information.

From a website:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher. .

Firkins Nordstrom, Jennifer. 2020. Introduction to Game Theory: A Discovery Approach. McMinneville: Jennifer Firkins Nordstrom. https://nordstromjf.github.io/.

From a library database:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher. Database Name OR URL.

Le Messurier, Mark. 2010. Teaching Tough Kids: Simple and Proven Strategies for Student Success. London: Routledge. Proquest Ebook Central.

OR

Le Messurier, Mark. 2010. Teaching Tough Kids: Simple and Proven Strategies for Student Success. London: Routledge. https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au/lib/latrobe/detail.action?docID=465341.

Downloaded to specific device or application:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher. Device or Application.

Le Messurier, Mark. 2010. Teaching Tough Kids: Simple and Proven Strategies for Student Success. London: Routledge. Adobe Digital Editions PDF.

• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed.  This is particularly important if you are directing the reader to a specific page or section of the book.
  • If you read the book online, add the URL or DOI to the reference.
  • If you read the book from a Library database, add the DOI, URL or database name.
  • If you downloaded a book that requires a specific app or device, add that information e.g. Adobe Digital Editions PDF, Kindle.
• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 

(Boag 2008, 27)

Boag (2008, 27)

See In-text citations for more information.

Editor as author

Editor Last Name, First Name, ed. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Boag, Simon, ed. 2008. Personality Down Under: Perspectives from Australia. New York: Nova Science.

Guzys, Diana, Rhonda Brown, Elizabeth Halcomb, and Dean Whitehead, eds. 2017. An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care. 2nd ed. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

Author and editor

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edited by First Name Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Urbina, Susana. 2014. Essentials of Psychological Testing. Edited by Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

• In the reference list, treat the editor as you would an author and add ed. for a single editor or eds. for multiple editors when they are in the author positon.
• Include an editor with an author when the editor's name is listed prominently on the title page of a book.
• Name each editor exactly as it appears on the title page except for the first editor whose last name is listed first.
• List editors in the order they appear on the title page.
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tabs for more information.

(Higgs, McAllister and Sefton 2012, 11)

Higgs, McAllister and Sefton (2012, 11)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. "Title of Chapter: Subtitle of Chapter." In Title of Work: Subtitle of Work, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name, Edition, XX-XX. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Higgs, Joy, Lindy McAllister, and Ann Sefton. 2012. "Communication in the health sciences." In Communicating in the health sciences, edited by Joy Higgs, Rola Ajjawi, Lindy McAllister, Franziska Trede and Stephen Loftus, 3rd ed., 4–14. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

• If the author wrote the entire book, then provide a reference for the whole book.
• For multiple authors of a chapter follow the same rules as for books with multiple authors.
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Sharp, Peters and Howard 2016, 55)

Sharp, Peters and Howard (2016, 55)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Sharp, John A., John Peters, and Keith Howard. 2016. The Management of a Student Research Project. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.

• If there is no edition listed on the book, it is considered a first edition. There is no need to add an edition statement for a first edition. 
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Wright 2016)

Wright (2016)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name, ed. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Read by First Name Last Name. Place of Publication: Publisher. Format, duration.

Wright, Alexis. 2016. The Swan Book. Read by Jacqui Katona. Tullamarine: Bolinda Publishing. Audible audio ed., 13 hr., 1 min.

• Cite the version of the text you are using.
• You may choose to include the original publication date if it will be useful.  See the Translated work tab for an example.
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

Major dictionaries and encyclopedias may be cited in-text only.

(Title of Work, # ed., s.v. "Title of Entry," accessed Month Day, Year, URL)

(Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed., s.v. "Carnyx," accessed December 9, 2022, https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/95173253?)

If word count is an issue OR works are less well know you may reference them as you would a book and following the information in the box below regarding in-text citations.

Whole title

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher. 

Bender, David. A. 2014. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191752391.001.0001.

Chapter or individual entry

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. "Title of Chapter: Subtitle of Chapter or Entry." In Title of Work: Subtitle of Work, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name, Edition, XX-XX. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Allen, James P. 2005. "Akhenaton." In Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Lindsay Jones, vol. 1, 2nd ed., 217. Detroit: Gale. Gale eBooks.

• Major dictionaries and encyclopedias may be cited in-text only. 
• If word count is an issue OR works are less well know you may reference them as you would a book.
• An individual entry by a named author can be cited like a chapter in an edited book.
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tab for more information.

(Elkind 2007a)....  Elkind (2007a)

(Elkind 2007b)...  Elkind (2007b)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name (Year of publicationa). Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Elkind, David. 2007a. The Hurried Child: Growing Up Too Fast Too Soon. Cambridge: Da Capo Press.

———. 2007b. The Power of Play: How Spontaneous, Imaginative Activities Lead to Happier, Healthier Children. Cambridge: Da Capo Lifelong.

• For works by the same author (or the same group of authors listed in the same order), editors, translators, arrange the references in the reference list alphabetically by title.
• Suffixes a, b, c etc are then added to the publication year.
• Use a 3 em dash (or long dash) for all entries after the first.  Place a full stop after the dash for authors, and a comma for editors or translators.

(Eysenck 2006)

(Eysenck 2009)

See In-text citations for more information.

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Eysenck, Michael W. 2006. Fundamentals of Cognition. Hove: Psychology Press.

———. 2009. Fundamentals of Psychology. London: Psychology Press.

• In-text citations - when you include two or more works by the same author within the same parentheses, you should arrange the in-text references by year of publication. Give the authors' surname once and for each subsequent work give only the date e.g. (Eysenck 2006; 2009).
• Reference list
  • arrange two or more works by the same author (or the same group of authors listed in the same order) by year of publication (earliest first).
  • use a 3 em dash (or long dash) for all entries after the first.  Place a full stop after the dash for authors, and a comma for editors or translators.

(Venn 2007)

Hanna (2005)

See In-text citations for more information.

In print:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Work: Subtitle of Work." Paper type, Academic Institution.

Venn, Susanna Elizabeth. 2007. "Plant recruitment across alpine summits in South-Eastern Australia." PhD thesis, La Trobe University.

From an institutional repository or website:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Work: Subtitle of Work." Paper type, Academic Institution. URL.

Hanna, Elizabeth Gayle. 2005. "Environmental Health and Primary Health Care: Towards a New Workforce Model." PhD thesis, La Trobe University. http://arrow.latrobe.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/latrobe:19661.

From a library database:

Author Last Name, First Name. Year. "Title of Work: Subtitle of Work." Paper type, Academic Institution. Database Name.

Murray, Kate Elizabeth. 2009. "Sudanese in Australia: Renewal and Hope." PhD diss., Arizona State University. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

• Theses and dissertations are cited like books except the title is not in italics.
• Abbreviate dissertation to diss.

If you a citing reprinted edition of a book you may choose to include the original date in the in-text citation in square brackets, e.g.

(Laplace [1814] 1951)

Laplace ([1814] 1951)

Note, in the reference list [1814] is changed to (1814):

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. Translated by First Name Last Name. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Laplace, Pierre Simon. (1814) 1951. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Translated by F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emory. New York: Dover.

• Cite the version of the text you are using.
• You may choose to include the original publication date if it will be useful (see Laplace example).
• eBooks are cited just like print books with added information about the format you viewed. See the eBook tabs for more information.

(Pride et al. 2016)

Pride et al. (2016)

Author Last Name, First Name. Year of Publication. "Title of Chapter: Subtitle of Chapter." In Title of Work: Subtitle of Work, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name, Edition, XX-XX. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Pride, William M, O. C. Ferrell, Brian A. Lukas, Sharon Schembri, and Outi Niininen. 2015. "Marketing Planning and Strategy in a Competitive Environment’, in Marketing Principles, 2nd ed., 39–84. Melbourne, VIC: Cengage Learning.

• You may need to locate the original source for a particular page number.