In-text citations
| Author prominent |
Author (Date, page / locator) Smith (2010, 25) |
| Information prominent |
(Author Date, page / locator) (Smith 2010, 25) |
| Number of authors | Author prominent | Information prominent |
| One author | Walker (2007) | (Walker 2007) |
| Two authors | Walker and Allen (2004) | (Walker and Allen 2004) |
| Three authors | Bradley, Remiraz, and Soo (1999) | (Bradley, Remiraz, and Soo 1999) |
| Four or more authors | Maxwell et al. (2016) | (Maxwell et al. 2016) |
| No author | Life of Insects (1979) | (Life of Insects 1979) |
|
Organisation as author |
WHO (2003) | (WHO 2003) |
| Organisation as author (no abbreviation) |
La Trobe University (2018) | (La Trobe University 2018) |
Need more information? See Chicago (Author-Date) Style Notes.
Year of publication
- Year of publication is part of publishing details and is placed after the author name.
- Year of publication is usually the same date as copyright date.
- If you cannot determine the year of publication it is okay to use notation n.d. [no date].
Need more information? See Chicago (Author-Date) Style Notes.
Page numbers and other locators
- The Chicago Manual of Style states that "when a specific page, section, equation, or other division of the work is cited, it follows the date, preceded with a comma." (UCP 2017, 903). CMOS 14.1-4 and 15.23.
- Interpretation - you are always required to use page numbers (or other locators) for quotes and paraphrases.
- Include a time stamp for multimedia and audiovisual resources.
- See Direct quotes and Paraphrasing tabs for more information.
Need more information? See Chicago (Author-Date) Style Notes.
Direct Quotes
The Chicago Manual of Style states that "when a specific page, section, equation, or other division of the work is cited, it follows the date, preceded with a comma." (UCP 2017, 903). CMOS 14.1-4 and 15.23.
Interpretation - you are always required to use page numbers (or other locators) for quotes.
The examples below are based on examples in CMOS 15.26.
|
Author Prominent |
Larkin claims that Paine's writings "represented a turning point in the revolution" (2004,10). Bakris et al. (2010, 828) found this applied to "15 patients (4%) in the darusentan treatment." |
| Information Prominent |
"Paine's choice of metaphors, diction, syntax, and evidence were crucial to his success" (Larkin 2004, 26). It was found that "individuals can discriminate between members of their own and a closely related sympatric species on the basis of song and beak morphology" (Grant and Grant 2008, 78). |
Need more information? See Chicago (Author-Date) Style Notes.
Paraphrasing
The Chicago Manual of Style states that "when a specific page, section, equation, or other division of the work is cited, it follows the date, preceded with a comma." (UCP 2017, 903). CMOS 14.1-4 and 15.23.
Interpretation - you are required to use page numbers (or other locators) for paraphrases.
Note: You may be directed to leave the page numbers out when summarising and paraphrasing - always check with lecturer/tutor.
The examples below are based on examples in CMOS 15.25.
| Author Prominent |
Benesch (2001, 6) described the function of the rhetorical-grammatical process chart. Chambers et al. state the benefit of working collaboratively... (2013, 68). |
| Information Prominent |
It was suggested that the packaging made a difference (Bakris et al. 2010, 99). International students are reporting higher levels than domestic students (Australian Council for Educational Research 2010, 45). |
Need more information? See Chicago (Author-Date) Style Notes.