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Footnote

Format

Footnote number. Title of Program [Description of form], Creator or Organisation Name/ Publisher, Year.

First entry:

1.StatCrunch 3.0. [Computer software], Pearson Education, Last updated April 2022.

Bibliography

Format

Creator or Organisation Name. Title of Program [Description of form]. Name of Publisher, Year. URL

Pearson Education. StatCrunch 3.0. [Computer software]. Pearson Education, last updated April 2022. . https://www.statcrunch.com/.

OR

Rovio Entertainment. Angry Birds 2 [Video game]. Rovio Entertainment. Windows release 2019. https://www.angrybirds.com/games/angry-birds-2/?ref=angrybirds2game.com .

Notes
  • Video games and other software programs can usually be cited in a footnote. Include a version number, release date, and platform or operating system if needed.
  • Entry in bibliography not necessary for video games and other software programs. If you do need to put in bibliography list under the name of publisher or developer.
  • Include URL if available.
  • If no place of publication is listed, leave that section out.
  • CMOS 8.156 states applications, operating systems and devices are written in roman type and not in quotations marks when you are referring to them BUT at 8.192 it states titles of video games (which are technically software) are italicised as they are more like movies as they have narrative and audiovisual similarities.
Footnote

Formats:

Published in book form.  

Footnote number. Author#1 first name, last name(s),  Author#2 first name, last name(s) and Author#3 first name, last name(s), "Title of Paper or Poster," In Title of Conference, edited by Editors name(s), p, (Publisher, Year), URL or DOI.

First entry:

1. Rosemarie Nowak, Christian Rudeloff, and Stefanie Pakura. “Blurring the Lines: How Social Media Managers Transform Business Communication,” in Conference Proceedings Trends in Business Communication 2020 edited by Peter Schneckenleitner, Wolfgang Reitberger, Alexandra Brunner-Sperdin, and Andre Haller, 130, (Springer Gabler Wiesbaden, 2021) https://doi-org.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au/10.1007/978-3-658-33642-4.

Second and subsequent entries:

2. Nowak et al., “Blurring the lines,” 136.

Published in Journal form.

Footnote number. Author #1 First Name Last Name, Author #2 First Name Last Name, and Author 3# First Name Last Name, "Title of Paper or Poster," Title of Conference/Journal Vol, no. (year): p, doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx.

3. Kumar Keshari Surendra, Vikas Goel, Paramanand Sharma, and Hunny Pahuja, "Software Defined Networking: A View Towards Security Challenges", AIP Conference Proceedings 2597, no. 030006 (Dec 2022): 3, https://doi-org.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au/10.1063/5.0115511.

Online Abstract.

Footnote number. Author #1 First Name, Last Name, "Title of Paper," Abstract, Conference Name, Location (Month, Day, Year), URL.

4. Eric Pyle, “200-11 - JMARS as a Gateway Platform for Teaching Through Planetary Datasets,” abstract, Geological Society of America Connects 2021, 10-13 October Portland, Oregon, USA, https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2021AM/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/371304.

Bibliography

Formats:

Published in book form.

Author #1 Last Name, First Name(s), Author #2 First Name(s) Last Name, and Author #3  First Name(s) Last Name. "Title of Paper or Poster." In Title of Conference edited by Editors name(s), pp. (Publisher, Year). URL or DOI.

Nowak, Rosemarie, Christian Rudeloff, and Stefanie Pakura. “Blurring the Lines: How Social Media Managers Transform Business Communication.” In Conference Proceedings Trends in Business Communication 2020 edited by Peter Schneckenleitner, Wolfgang Reitberger, Alexandra Brunner-Sperdin, and Andre Haller, 129–148. (Springer Gabler Wiesbaden, 2021). https://doi-org.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au/10.1007/978-3-658-33642-4.

Published in journal form.

Author #1 Last Name, First Name, Author #2 First Name Last Name, and Author 3# First Name Last Name. Year. "Title of Paper or Poster". Title of Conference/Journal Vol, no.  (year): pp–pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Surendra Kumar Keshari, Vikas Goel, Paramanand Sharma, and Hunny Pahuja. "Software Defined Networking: A View Towards Security Challenges", AIP Conference Proceedings 2597, no. 030006 (Dec 2022):1–5, https://doi-org.ez.library.latrobe.edu.au/10.1063/5.0115511.

Online Abstract.

Author #1 Last Name, First Name(s). "Title of Paper." Abstract. Conference Name, Location (Month, Day, Year) URL.

Pyle, Eric. 2021. “200-11 - JMARS as a Gateway Platform for Teaching Through Planetary Datasets.” Abstract. Geological Society Of America Connects 2021, 10-13 October Portland, Oregon, USA . https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2021AM/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/371304.

Notes
  • Conference proceedings are often published in book or periodical form.
  • Cite papers from a book using the same format as for a book or chapter from an edited book . If the editor's name is given, insert the name after the title of the conference.
  • If online include a DOI or URL.
  • Cite proceedings that are published regularly using the same format as for a journal. Include a DOI or URL, as you would for an online journal article.
  • If not published in book/periodical form-  then format like the Online Abstract example above - instead of Abstract after the title put Paper, Poster, Presentation, etc.
  • Capitalise the name of symposium, which is a proper noun.
  • See CMOS 14.115  and 14.85.
Footnote

Format:

Footnote number. Author First Name(s) Last Name, Title of Dataset, dataset, Published or Distributed by Organisation /Repository Name, year or accessed date. DOI or URL.

First entry:

1. Lauren Gawne, Syuba Diectic Gesture Tokens, dataset, Distributed by Open at La Trobe, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4225/22/5b1a3c41766dd.

Bibliography

Format:

Online repository

Author Last Name, First Name(s).  Title of Dataset. Published or Distributed by Organisation /Repository Name, Year of Publication (or date accessed if n.d.). DOI or URL.

Gawne, Lauren.  Syuba Diectic Gesture Tokens. Dataset. Distributed by Open at La Trobe, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4225/22/5b1a3c41766dd.

Memar, Omeer, and Benjamin Caughlin. The Benefits of Green Tea in Dermatology. Dataset. Distributed by Zenodo., 2018. http://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1478221.

Notes
  • Data needs to be cited so the reader can find it and evaluate for themselves.
  • Data may be found in journal articles or books or other published sources – and will be cited with reference to the source used.
  • Some datasets can be found in repositories, independent databases or collections of files and can be cited directly (these sources may even suggest how to cite) – elements needed varies but should always have a title and if not obvious then add “dataset”, repository name, date or accessed date (if n.d.) and URL.
  • For more information see CMOS 14.157.
Footnote

Format

Footnote number. Author First Name(s), Last Name, medium if relevant, Month DD, YYYY.

1. Jonathon Bloggs, personal communication, February 23, 2022.

Bibliography You do not need to include Personal communications in the Bibliography.
Notes
  • Personal communications can include unpublished data, letters, emails, telephone conversations, interviews, and direct or private messages shared on social media etc.
  • Can write as personal communication, or include the medium if relevant -  email message, Facebook direct message, “in a conversation with…“
  • Since the information is not recoverable, personal communications should not be included in the Bibliography – cite them in a footnote only or run in to the text.
  • Provide the initials of the communicator and as exact a date as possible.
  • See CMOS 14.111 and 14.108.
Footnote

Example - in the text you may have written

Stasis in darkness.

Then the substanceless blue

Pour of tor and distances1.

Format

Footnote number. Author First Name Last Name, Title of Poem, locator (Page, line numbers etc)

First entry:

1.Sylvia Plath, "Ariel", lines 1–3.

Bibliography

Formats:

In an Anthology

Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Poem." In Title of Work: Subtitle of Work, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name, Edition, XX–XX. Publisher, Year.

Plath, Sylvia. “Ariel.” In The Norton Anthology of Poetry, edited by Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Slater and Jon Stallworthy, 4th ed. W.W. Norton, (1962) 1996.

Online

Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Poem." Publisher or Website URL, Year of Publication.

Whitman, Walt. “Song of Myself”. Poetry Foundation. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45477/song-of-myself-1892-version, 1892 version.  

From a book

Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Poem." In Title of Work: Subtitle of Work, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name, Edition, XX–XX. Publisher, Year of Publication.

Whitman, Walt (1855) 1954. “Song of Myself.” In The Complete Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman as Prepared by Him for the Deathbed Edition with an introduction by Malcolm Cowley. Two volumes in one. Reprint edition, 62–114. Garden City Books, (1855) 1954.

In the Online example - the reference is more like a secondary source as the Whitman poem appears on the Poetry Foundation website - they do allude to it being from a longer poem called Leaves of Grass which appeared in various print compilations of his work - See the second example.
In the From a Book example, you find the very same poem but can reference it more like a chapter in a book and rather than it being from Leaves of Grass it can be from the larger book as a whole (so The Complete Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman...). Either way is 'right'. That the person reading your work can find the poem is most important; and all elements needed (author, date, title and source) are there.

Notes
  • If the anthology or book of poetry is an ebook add URL, DOI or Database Name.
  • Present 2 lines or more as block quotation.
  • If it has variable line lengths and indents reproduce these as well as you can.
  • For line numbers – for example used in poetry or plays - write 'line' or 'lines' – ie do not use l or ll.
  • See CMOS at 2.23 to 2.24 for more information about poetry extracts and formatting.
  • Classic English Poems and Plays - see CMOS 14.153-154.