Books

ebook with a DOI

Author First Name Last Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication). Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxxx

Katherine A. Seaton, Don't Cheat Yourself: Scenarios to Clarify Collusion Confusion. (Melbourne: La Trobe eBureau, 2018) 27. https://doi.org/10.26826/1009

ebook  without a DOI - use URL

Author First Name Last Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication). URL

Jennifer Firkins Nordstrom, Introduction to Game Theory: A Discovery Approach. (McMinneville: Jennifer Firkins Nordstrom, 2020). https://nordstromjf.github.io/

From a library database: see "Book - print"

Downloaded to specific device/application: see "eBook - specific device"

ebook with a DOI

Author Last Name, First Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication). Pages. https://doi.org/xxxxxx

Seaton, Katherine A., Don't Cheat Yourself: Scenarios to Clarify Collusion Confusion. (Melbourne: La Trobe eBureau, 2018). https://doi.org/10.26826/1009

ebook  without a DOI - use URL

Author Last Name, First Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication). https://doi.org/xxxxxx

Firkins Nordstrom, Jennifer, Introduction to Game Theory: A Discovery Approach. (McMinneville: Jennifer Firkins Nordstrom, 2020). https://nordstromjf.github.io/

From a library database: see "Book - print"

Downloaded to specific device/application: see "eBook - specific device"

•  eBooks that you access through a library or have purchased from a bookshop, are cited the same as a print title (because they are meant to be exactly the same as the print version).
•  eBooks that you find on a general website  - add a URL or DOI if it has one.

Author First Name, Last Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work (Device, Place of Publication: Publisher, Date), pages or other identifying information.

Mark Le Messurier, Teaching Tough Kids: Simple and Proven Strategies for Student Success (Adobe Digital Editions, London: Routledge, 2010) 25.

OR

Author First Name, Last Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work [Device] (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date), pages or other identifying information.

Ian Rankin, Saints of the Shadow Bible [Kindle edn] (London: Orion, 2013) ch.1, para. 15.

Author Last Name, First Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work (Device, Place of Publication: Publisher, Date).

Le Messurier, Mark, Teaching Tough Kids: Simple and Proven Strategies for Student Success (Adobe Digital Editions, London: Routledge, 2010).

OR

Author Last Name, First Name, Title of Work: Subtitle of Work [Device] (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date).

Rankin, Ian, Saints of the Shadow Bible [kindle edn] (London: Orion, 2013)

• The type of device/software used may be included where pages don't match print version.
• There may be no page numbers - then use chapters, paragraphs etc to pinpoint where the quote/paraphrased information is from.

Edited Book

Editor/s, ed./eds., Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Judith R. Baskin, ed., Jewish Women in Historical Perspective (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991), 157.

Chapter in Edited Book

Chapter Author, ‘Chapter Title’ in Book Editor/s ed./eds., Book Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Erik Gray, ‘The Hair of Milton: historicism and literary history’ in Damian Walford Davies ed., Romanticism, History, Historicism: Essays on an Orthodoxy (New York: Routledge, 2009), 33.

Edited Book

Editor/s ed./eds., Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year).

Baskin, Judith, R. ed., Jewish Women in Historical Perspective (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991).

Chapter in edited book

Chapter Author, ‘Chapter Title’ in Book Editor/s ed./eds., Book Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Gray, Erik ‘The Hair of Milton: historicism and literary history’ in Damian Walford Davies ed., Romanticism, History, Historicism: Essays on an Orthodoxy (New York: Routledge, 2009), 33.

• Use the abbreviation ed. for a single editor and eds. for two. If there are more than two editors of the book, only cite the first listed editor, followed by et al. eds.
• Most edited books or chapters in books will follow the pattern in the examples above. The books contain the edited work of a number of authors, and can include collections of documents or essays.
• You can use parentheses (  ) around the ed./eds if you want - just be consistent and don't swap between using them (or not using them) in your document.
• For variations see Literary Texts below.

Literary texts

• When citing an edited version of an original work, list the entry in the bibliography under the original author’s name and write ed. before the name/s of the editor/s.
• Do not put this ed. in brackets as in this case the ed. stands for  "edited by".  If there is more than one editor, still write ed., not eds.
• In the example below Marcus Weigelt is the editor and translator of this edition of a very old text, but Immanuel Kant is the original author, so the book is listed in the bibliography under Kant’s name:

Kant, Immanuel, Kritik der Reinen Vernunft [Critique of Pure Reason], ed., tr. Marcus Weigelt (London: Penguin, 2007).

• As with editors, translators and revisers are named after the title with tr. or rev. where the ed. is written in the Kant example above. (except where the translator or reviser contributions are seen as being as important as the authors - then they can come after the author name).

Author, Title (edn., Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Richard Broome, Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788 (4th edn., Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2010), 34.

Author, Title (edn., Place of Publication: Publisher, year).

Broome, Richard, Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788 (4th edn., Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2010).

• Only write an edition number that is the 2nd or later. There is no need to write 1st edn.
• It is important to cite the edition number because there will likely have been changes to later editions; the quote you are citing may be on a different page number in another edition.
• Cite the edition with the number and edn. before the Place of Publication, within the parentheses. See the example above.
• When a new edition is by the same author as previous editions, the edition number goes within the parentheses with the publication details.
• If the edition is by a brand new author/editor, then edn. follows the title and does not go in the parentheses. For example,

Knowles, Elizabeth, ed., The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, 5th edn. (Oxford, 1999)

The previous 4th edition was edited by Angela Partington.

Basic format:

‘Item name’, Name of online reference (Year published), URL, access date.

‘Venice Film Festival’, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2012), http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/625395/Venice-Film-Festival, accessed 21 Nov. 2012.

‘Achilles tendon’, Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (Philadelphia: Henry Altemus, 1898), published online 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/81/, accessed 21 Nov. 2012.

Basic format:

‘Item name’, Name of online reference (Year published), URL, access date.

‘Achilles tendon’, Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (Philadelphia, PA: Henry Altemus, 1898), published online 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/81/, accessed 21 Nov. 2012

‘Venice Film Festival’, Encyclopaedia Britannica (2012), http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/625395/Venice-Film-Festival, accessed 21 Nov. 2012.

• If author and original publishing details are not known, just cite the name of the entry, the name of the website and the URL
• This citation differs from a regular reference format because an online version may change at any time, whereas print and e-books won’t change until a new edition is published
• The encyclopedia or dictionary entry is entered first, in single inverted commas, i.e. ‘Venice Film Festival’, for both the footnote and bibliography

Author, ‘Title’, thesis type (Institution, year), page extent.

John Cumming, ‘A Long Road to the Small Screen: John Hughes and the Independent Film and Video Movement in Australia’, M.A. thesis, La Trobe University, 2004, 135

Tina Kalivas, ‘Recipes for Cypriot Tradition: Greek-Cypriot Immigrants’ Domestic Food Cultures in Melbourne c.1947-2003’, Ph.D. thesis, La Trobe University, 2007, 225.

Author, ‘Title’, thesis type, Institution, year.

Cumming, John, ‘A Long Road to the Small Screen: John Hughes and the Independent Film and Video Movement in Australia’, M.A. thesis, La Trobe University, 2004.

Kalivas, Tina, ‘Recipes for Cypriot Tradition: Greek-Cypriot Immigrants’ Domestic Food Cultures in Melbourne c.1947-2003’, Ph.D. thesis, La Trobe University, 2007.

• The title of a thesis is not italicised ; instead it appears in '  ' single quotation marks.
• The university that accepted the thesis and the year are the only publisher-related details needed; only include the city if it is relevant to the university’s name, e.g. University of California, Berkeley or University of California, San Diego.
• Cite the name of the university in its full form, i.e. New York University, not NYU.
• Write thesis or dissertation, whichever is printed on the title page of the work; likewise, cite the degree in the same manner as it appears on the title page, i.e. if it says DPhil, then use it instead of PhD.

Original Author, Title, tr. Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Homer, Odyssey, tr. Robert Fagles (New York: Penguin, 1997), 422

Immanuel Kant, Kritik der Reinen Vernunft [Critique of Pure Reason], ed., tr. Marcus Weigelt (London: Penguin, 2007), 555.

Original Author, Title, tr. Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year).

Homer, Odyssey, tr. Robert Fagles (New York: Penguin, 1997).

Kant, Immanuel, Kritik der Reinen Vernunft [Critique of Pure Reason], ed., tr. Marcus Weigelt (London: Penguin, 2007).

• The original author is still the primary author of the work, so their name comes first in the citation.
• The translator or editor’s name then follows the title of the book
•  In the Immanuel Kant example above, the book has an editor and translator, who is the same person, so ed., tr. are used to indicate this.
• If a book has a separate editor and translator, write ed. Name and tr. Name.
• The publication details are for the edition that you have read. Details about the original edition are not needed.
• You do not need to state when the book was originally written.

Series:

Author/s, Title, Series title and volume number (if applicable) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page extent.

Annemarie Hughes, Gender and Political Identities in Scotland, 1919-1939, Scottish Historical Review Monographs 17 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), 157.

Series:

Author/s, Title, Series title and volume number (if applicable) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year).

Hughes, Annemarie, Gender and Political Identities in Scotland, 1919-1939, Scottish Historical Review Monographs 17 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010).

• Series titles are optional, but can be helpful for the reader to see that a book belongs to a series. Include volume number if there is one.
• For further information see the New Hart's Rules (2nd edn, Oxford, OUP, 2014), rule 18.2.8 – series titles.
• For multi-volume works see rule 18.2.7 – this is slighlty different to a series.

Review Author, ‘Title of review if there is one’, review of Book Author, Title of Reviewed Book, in Publication Title, ‘Section of Publication if relevant’, Date, page extent.

Online article -  same as above but add URL and access date after the Date, and put para. instead of page number

Steven Carroll, ‘The Stuff of Theatre’, review of Ira Nadel, Double Act: A Life of Tom Stoppard, in Age, ‘Saturday Extra’, 28 Sept. 2002, 8 .

Lucy Sussex, ‘Life in Dingo Dell’, review of Peter Morton, Lusting for London: Australian Expatriate Writers at the Hub of Empire, 1870-1950, in Australian Book Review, June 2012, https://www.australianbookreview.com.au/june-2012/993-342-literarystudies-sussex, accessed 1 Dec. 2012, para. 6.

Review Author, ‘Title of review if there is one’, review of Book Author, Title of Reviewed Book, in Publication Title, ‘Section of Publication if relevant’, Date

Online article -  same as above but add URL and access date after the Date,

Carroll, Steven, ‘The Stuff of Theatre’, review of Ira Nadel, Double Act: A Life of Tom Stoppard, in Age, ‘Saturday Extra’, 28 Sept. 2002.

Sussex, Lucy, ‘Life in Dingo Dell’, review of Peter Morton, Lusting for London: Australian Expatriate Writers at the Hub of Empire, 1870-1950, in Australian Book Review, June 2012, https://www.australianbookreview.com.au/june-2012/993-342-literarystudies-sussex, accessed 1 Dec. 2012.

• Quality book reviews will be published in newspapers, trade magazines or journals; book reviews from general websites may not be good sources for essays (check with your lecturer or tutor)
• Because they feature within publications, the details of those publications need to be included in the citation, i.e. the title of the newspaper or journal and the date it was published are necessary.
• However the place of publication and date of the book being reviewed are not mandatory - but can be added if you think its helpful.
• If you read the review online, such as the Age online, include the URL; in the footnote, include the paragraph reference point for your quote; in the bibliography, do not include the paragraph reference point. See the Lucy Sussex citation above for an online review example.

Bible:
Chapter name chapter number: verse number

Isaiah 6: 9

Koran:
Sūra number, v. number

Sūra 19, v. 12

•  The reference in text can be abbreviated to the book name i.e. for Genesis, Gen. 24: 61-65
• If the entire reference is quoted in the body of text, the Footnote reference is not required. E.g. if you write, “In the Bible, at Isaiah 6:9…” you do not need to Footnote. If you are writing generally without referring to the chapter and verse, you will need to include a Footnote with chapter and verse details.
• When citing Sūra and verse from the Koran, writing only the number of the Sūra and the verse number is acceptable, e.g. 19. 12 instead of Sūra 19, v. 12. This would be recommended if you are citing many references from the Koran. If only citing a few, write Sūra and v. to avoid confusion.
• Do not include spiritual text references in a bibliography.
• If your essay will be citing heavily from spiritual texts, refer to the section on Sacred Texts starting page 145 in New Hart's Rules (2nd edn, Oxford: OUP, 2014) for further information.

Author, Foreign language title [English title] (edn., Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Cronica de una Muerte Anunciada [Chronicle of a Death Foretold] (4th end., Barcelona: Debolsillo, 2009), 97.

Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique de la Raison Dialectique [Critique of Dialectical Reason] new edn. (Paris: Gallimard, 1985), 34.

Author, Foreign language title [English title] (edn., Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Garcia Marquez, Gabriel, Cronica de una Muerte Anunciada [Chronicle of a Death Foretold] (4th edn., Barcelona: Debolsillo, 2009).

Sartre, Jean-Paul, Critique de la Raison Dialectique [Critique of Dialectical Reason] new edn. (Paris: Gallimard, 1985).

• This citation format is for books in a foreign language; including an English translation of the title will help the reader identify the book.
• The English translation of a title can go in [square brackets] next to the original language title.
• Only the original language title is italicised
• You do not have to include a translation of the title into English; you can just leave it as the original language title if desired.
• Do not include edn., if it is a first edition.
• Regarding capitalisation, format the title as it appears on the title page of the book.

Author, Title, tr. Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), page extent.

Martin Heidegger, Country Path Conversations, tr. Bret W. Davis (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010), 36.

Rig Veda: An Anthology: One Hundred and Eight Hymns, Selected, Translated and Annotated, tr. Wendy Doniger (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1981), 255-263.

Author, Title, tr. Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, year).

Heidegger, Martin, Country Path Conversations, tr. Bret W. Davis (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2010).

Anon., Rig Veda: An Anthology: One Hundred and Eight Hymns, Selected, Translated and Annotated, tr. Wendy Doniger (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books, 1981).

• Cite a book as a translated edition if the details on the book include the name of a translator; they are a type of author and need to be cited.
• Include tr. and the translator’s name after the title; see the Martin Heidegger example above, where the translator is Bret W. Davis
• Even if the book title has the word Translated in it, still include tr. and the translator’s name after the title. See the Rig Veda example above.
• The translator is not the main author; if the book does not have a main author, start the citation with the title for the Footnote entry and Anon., for the Bibliography entry. See the Rig Veda examples above.