Images, figures and tables

Check if the person who has reproduced the image has referenced the creator or copyright holder. It may be the author of the journal article or book. If you are still unsure, try uploading or copying a link to where you found the image into Google Lens.

Figure 1. Correlation plot between full scale IQ (FISQ) and relative alpha reactivity. From Bellato et al., "Atypical Electrophysiological Indices of Eyes-open," figure 5. CC BY 4.0.

Note: CC BY 4.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

Format

Figure #. Caption. From [follow the shortened footnote template for Chicago (Footnotes) - Journal articles].

In-text

As figure 1 shows... (see figure 1).

Reference List

Bellato, Alessio, Iti Arora, Puja Kochhar, Chris Hollis, and Madeleine J. Groom. "Atypical Electrophysiological Indices of Eyes-open and Eyes-closed Resting-state in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and Autism." Brain Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 272–284. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050272.

Figure 2. Sectional glass and iron dials. From Tower Clocks, 8. CC BY 3.0.

Format

Figure #. Caption. Follow the shortened footnote template for Chicago (Footnotes) - Books.

Note: the above book has no author so the title moves to the first position.

Note: CC BY 3.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

In-text

As figure 2 shows... or (see figure 2).

Reference List

Tower Clocks. Seth Thomas Clock Company, 1911. https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks.

Figure 3. Waterfall with bridge in background. Photograph by Timothy M. Roberts, Crystal Shower Falls. CC BY-SA 2.0.

Format

Figure #. Caption (optional). Photograph [Image, Artwork] by Creator's full name, Title of Work.

Note: CC BY SA 2.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

In-text

As figure 3 shows... or (see figure 3).

Reference List

Roberts, Timothy M. Crystal Shower Falls. 2016. Photograph. Flickr. https://flickr.com/photos/99613024@N04/30696186310.

Figure 4. David Mann Library. From La Trobe University, "Face to Face Services.".

Format

Figure #. Caption (optional). From [Adapted from] Author Full Name, "Title of Page.".

OR

Figure #. Caption (optional). From [Adapted from] "Title of Page.".

Based on Shortened form of footnotes for Webpages.

Note: if the image is stand alone on a website and has a creator, use the example under From an image database for guidance.

In-text reference

As figure 4 shows... or (see Figure 4).

Reference List

La Trobe University. "Face to Face Services Resume at our Regional Libraries." News, La Trobe University, June 6, 2021. https://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/announcements/2021/face-to-face-services-resume-at-our-regional-libraries.

Figure 5.  Medical collage. Top, Image by Gustavo Fring, Close-up of Lab Worker; middle, Image by Fayette Reynolds M.S., Cells Seen Under; bottom, Image by Gerd Altman, DNA Analysis Research.

Format

Figure #. Caption (optional). Photograph [Image, Artwork] by Creator's full name, Title of Work; From [Adapted from] [as per source type].

• Terms to identify which image you are referring to (e.g., top, bottom, above, middle, left, right) are in italics with a comma.
• Separate each citation with a semi-colon.
• If the images have Creative Commons licences, include them after the Title of Work or, if it is the same for each image, add it once at the end of the caption. A link to the CC licence is a requirement of all Creative Commons material.

In-text reference

As figure 5 shows... or (see figure 5).

Reference List

Altman, Gerd. DNA Analysis Research. 2018. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/dna-analysis-research-3539309/.

Fring, Gustavo. Close-up of Lab Worker Looking at Speciman Under Microscope. 2021. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-lab-worker-looking-at-specimen-under-microscope-8770717/.

Reynolds M.S., Fayette. Cells Seen Under a Microscope. 2021. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/cell-seen-under-microscope-11198506/.

Figure 6. Image generated by ChatGPT-4, October 7, 2024, from the prompt "Create image of a sunset using wool."

Format

Figure #. Image generated by Title of Program, Month, Day, Year, from the prompt "Enter prompt here."

For more information about using AI, see: Copyright considerations when using artificial intelligence.

In-text reference

As figure 6 shows... or (see figure 6).

Reference List

Only include if the link is recoverable.  See: Generative AI and CMOS 14.112.

[Insert image here]

Figure 7. Caption (optional). Image by Microsoft 365 Stock Images.

In-text reference

As figure 7 shows... or (see figure 7).

Reference List

Not required.

Figure 8. The Tanks. Forster, New South Wales.

Format

Figure #. Caption (optional).

In-text

As figure 8 shows... or (see figure 8).

Reference List

Not required.

If you have included only a few figures / images in your presentation and you are not referring to them:

• the figure number and caption is optional.
• if you you have reproduced the image from another source, you must include the source line. The full reference is provided in the reference list.
• it is okay to place the source line in smaller font at the bottom of a presentation slide. 
• If you have used images from Microsoft 365 Stock Images through out your assignment as decoration, the La Trobe Copyright Officer recommends providing an acknowledgement at the beginning or end or your presentation e.g.,

All images unless otherwise attributed are from Microsoft 365 Stock Images, used under licence.

If you are reproducing an image from another source, the answer is yes.

The Copyright Officer at La Trobe University recommends you reference the creator or copyright holder of an image even if a licence states that it is not required. Exceptions to this include:

• Images you have created - you do not need to reference your own work however, you do need to reference images you have created using Generative AI.
• Clip art and stock images from programs such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint - in this instance, the Copyright Officer suggests an acknowledgement at the end of the presentation will suffice.

For more information about using AI, see: Copyright considerations when using artificial intelligence.

Place the figure in the body of your assignment after the paragraph in which you have referred to it.

For more information: see CMOS 3.8.

[Insert image here]

Figure #. Caption (optional).  From [or Adapted from]... OR Photograph [Image, Artwork, Map] by ....

For more information, see: 3. Format and reference tab.

• Figures are numbered as they appear in-text.
• Figures are numbered in a separate sequence to any tables.
• The figure number is placed under the figure.
• If you include a figure in your document you should refer to it in your text, e.g. Figure 1 shows... (not 'figure above' or 'figure below').
• The figure number is optional if you are not referring to it in-text.

• The caption is written in next to the figure number in sentence case and provides any details about the figure.
• The caption is optional.

The source line is where you acknowledge the creator of an image or figure. In Chicago style, it is included at the end of the caption.

• For standalone figures (including image, photographs, maps):
  • Acknowledge the creator and title of the image. For example, Photograph by Timothy M. Roberts, Crystal Shower Falls.  
• For figures from books, journal articles, webpages:
  • Provide a short form Chicago footnote.*  The format will be determined by where you are copying the image from.  In some instances you will need to provide a full footnote.
    • Use From when you are reproducing an image or figure as is (i.e. you haven't made any changes).
    • Use Adapted from when you are reproducing a figure or data from another source and you have changed it for your own purposes, e.g. added data to an original graph or added a textbox or arrow.
• Creative Commons licences require you to add the relevant Creative Commons licence abbreviation (with link) at the end of the source line, e.g. CC BY 4.0.

*Kate Turabian (26.1.3) states that you should "cite your source as a full note, including the original table or figure number or the page number from which you took the data", while CMOS (3.33)  states "If the work being credited is listed in the bibliography or reference list, only a shortened form need appear in the credit line."  To avoid a full footnote under figures (and tables), we recommend using the short form where possible and provide full citation in your reference list.  If your lecturer suggests otherwise, please follow their direction.

Table 1. Diameter of bells (at their mouth) and their weight

Source: Data from Tower Clocks, 10. CC BY 3.0.

Format

Source: Data from [or adapted from] follow the shortened footnote template for Chicago (Footnotes) - Books.

Note: the above book has no author so the title moves to the first position.

Note: CC BY 3.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

In-text

As table 2 shows... or (see table 2).

Reference List

Tower Clocks. Seth Thomas Clock Company, 1911. https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks.

Table 2. Correlation matrix between active and passive usage of social networking sites (SNS) and subjective well-being (SWB)

Source: Data from Hanley et al., "Taking a Break”, table 2.  CC BY 4.0.
Note. Optional.

Format of source line

Source: From [or Adapted from] follow the shortened footnote template for Chicago (Footnotes) - Journal articles.

Note: CC BY 4.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

In-text reference

As table 2 shows...or (see table 2)

Reference list entry

Hanley, Sarah M., Susan E. Watt, and William Coventry. "Taking a Break: The Effect of Taking a Vacation from Facebook and Instagram on Subjective Well-being." PLoS ONE, 14 no. 6 (2019): e0217743. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.

Table 3. Persons aged 18 years and over - proportion of current daily smokers, 2017-18

Source: Data from ABS, "Smoking". CC BY 4.0.

Format of source line

Source: Data from [or Data adapted from] Author, "Title of Page."

OR

Source: Data from [or Data adapted from] "Title of Page."

Based on Shortened form of footnotes for Webpages.

Note: CC BY 4.0 is included at the end of the source line as it is a requirement when using Creative Commons material.

In-text reference

As table 3 shows...or (see table 3).

Reference list entry

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). "Smoking." ABS, 2018. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/smoking/2017-18.

Table 1. Number of books read per month in 2024

Source: Not required.
Note. Optional.

In-text reference

As table 1 shows....or (see table 1)

Reference list entry

Not required.

Format

Table #.  Table title

[Enter table here]

Source: Data from [or Data adapted from] Chicago footnote (shortened, where possible), determined by the type of resource.

Note. Optional.

Separate multiple sources with a semi-colon.

Reference list

Include full reference(s) in reference list.

If you are reproducing a table from another source, the answer is yes.

The Copyright Officer at La Trobe University recommends you reference the creator or copyright holder of an table even if a licence states that it is not required.

• If you are reproducing or adapting a table from another source, you are required to provide a in-text citation (without parentheses) and copyright statement in the Note. Please see the Reproduce a table (from another source) for more information.
• If you have created your own table using data from different sources, you can use in-text referencing without parentheses. Please see the Create your own table tab for more information.

If you are referring to a table from another source, you can include the table number in place of a page number in your footnote e.g.,

1. Hanley et al., "Taking a Break: The Effect of Taking a Vacation from Facebook and Instagram on Subjective Well-being," PLoS ONE, 14 no. 6 (2019): table 2, https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.

Second and subsequent entries:

2. Hanley et al., "Taking a Break”, table 2.

Reference list entry

Hanley, Sarah M., Susan E. Watt, and William Coventry. "Taking a Break: The Effect of Taking a Vacation from Facebook and Instagram on Subjective Well-being." PLoS ONE, 14 no. 6 (2019): e0217743. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743.

For more information, see CMOS 14.57.

Place the table in the body of your assignment after the paragraph in which you have referred to it.

For more information: see CMOS 3.52.

Table #. Title of table

[Insert table here]

Source(s): an acknowledgement of who / where you copied the table or retrieved the data from to create the table.

Note. Further information about the table and data.

For more information, see: CMOS 3.53.

• Tables are numbered as they appear in-text.
• Tables are numbered in a separate sequence to any figures.
• If you include a table in your document you should refer to it in your text, e.g. As table 1 shows...or (see table 1).

For more information, see CMOS 3.55.

• The  Table title is written next to the Table number.
• The title should be in sentence case with no full stop at the end.

For more information, see CMOS 3.55.

The source note is where you acknowledge the creator of a table or the data you have used to create a table. In Chicago style, it is included immediately under the table with the label Source: or Sources:

• For tables from books, journal articles, webpages:
  • Provide a Chicago footnote (shortened, where possible), determined by the type of resource. 
    • Use Data from when you are reproducing a table as is (i.e. you haven't made any changes).
    • Use Data adapted from when you are reproducing a table from another source and you have changed it for your own purposes, e.g. added data from another source.
  • Separate multiple sources with a semicolon.
• If the resource you have copied the table from has a Creative Commons licence, you are required to add the Creative Commons licence abbreviation (with link) at the end of the source line, e.g. CC BY 4.0.
• For tables you have created with your own data, the source line is not required.
• For tables you have created from data from another source, provide a Chicago footnote (shortened, where possible), determined by the type of resource.

• Notes are written immediately under source note(s) and follow this order - notes applying to the whole table, notes applying to specific parts of a table, and notes on significance levels.
• A source note is required if you have reproduced or adapted a table from another source, or used data from another source to create a table.

For more information, see CMOS 3.77.