Social media

Reference List

Author, A. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Day). Title of entry. Blog name. http://xxxxxx

Edwards, A. (2020, April 24). Summer snapshot of the Great Barrier Reef. CSIROscope. https://blog.csiro.au/great-barrier-reef-summer-snapshot/

Notes

If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010).
If the author's full name is available, list the surname first followed by initials.
The title is not italicised, because it is a small part of a larger work. Include the name of the larger work (i.e., the list/forum/blog) if it is not part of the URL of your source.
Where page numbers are not provided give the paragraph number using the abbreviation para.
If headings are used cite the first few words of the heading and the number of the paragraph following to direct the reader e.g. (Regolith, 2010, "On the Earth", para. 6).

Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., p. 320); APA Style Blog Post and Blog Comment References.

Reference List	Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Comment title or up to first 20 words of the comment [Comment on the article "blah blah"]. Blog name. http://xxxxxx Byrne, R. (2020, April 28). I live in a 1930s house and every room has external vents so the hot air goes out through these [Comment on the article "Hot tips for a draught-proof house"]. CSIROscope. https://blog.csiro.au/draught-proof-house/
Notes	If the author uses a screen name or nickname to post under this is used e.g. Data-Boy (2010). Link directly to the comment if possible. The title is not italicised, because it is a small part of a larger work. Include the name of the larger work (i.e., the list/forum/blog) if it is not part of the URL of your source.

Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., p. 320); APA Style Blog Post and Blog Comment References.

Reference List

X and Instagram

Author, A. A. [@username]. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Day or n.d.). Content of the post up to first 20 words [description of audiovisuals]. Social media site name. https://xxxxxx or Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://xxxxxx

X Post

La Trobe University [@latrobe]. (2020, April 30). We have always been deeply committed to building a more equal, inclusive and sustainable world. The latest @THEworldunirank highlight our outstanding progress [Post]. X. https://x.com/latrobe/status/1253495145699442689

X Profile

La Trobe University [@latrobe]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved April 30, 2020, from https://x.com/latrobe

Instagram highlight

State Library of Victoria [library_vic]. (n.d.). The dome [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/18045538609176632/

Facebook and others

Author, A. A. or Name of group or Name of Group [Username]. (Year, Month Day or n.d.). Content of the post up to first 20 words [description of audiovisuals]. Social media site name. https://xxxxxx or Retrieved Month Day, Year, from https://xxxxxx

Facebook post

SEA LIFE Melbourne Aquarium [@melbourneaquarium]. (2020, April 29). Penguin Lunch Time Back by popular demand! Join our cheeky and majestic penguins for lunch! [Video]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/melbourneaquarium/videos/645042809678148/

Facebook page

Zoos Victoria [@zoosvictoria]. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved April 30, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/zoosvictoria/

Notes

If you discuss any website or page in general in a paper (including but not limited to social media), it is sufficient to give the URL in the text the first time it is mentioned. No reference list entry is needed e.g. Newspapers like The Age provide up to the minute news coverage every day on their website (http://www.theage.com.au/) and X account (https://x.com/theage).
If you paraphrase or quote specific information from social media but your readership will be unable to access the content (e.g., because of friends-only privacy settings or because the exchange occurred in a private message), cite the content as a personal communication.
Use this category for original social media content only - if you have discovered content via social media link directly to the content - its not important that your found it via social media channel.
Can contain text, text and audiovisual or just audiovisual - use square brackets [ ] to describe what type.
Do not change capitalisation or spelling of social media entry. You can retain hashtags, links and replicate emojis if possible - square bracket with description of it, if you cant.

Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., pp. 348–350); APA Style Social Media.

In-text referencing

Direct Quotes: You are required to use page numbers for quotes. See also: Direct quotation of material without page numbers, e.g. webpages, online videos, some ebooks.		Author notes: Include the surname/s of the author and year. For example, No author (note capitalisation): The Life of Insects (1979) or (The Life of Insects, 1979) One author: Seaton (2018) or (Seaton, 2018) Two authors: Grant and Grant (2018) or (Grant & Grant, 2008) Three or more authors: Fraser et al. (2014) or (Fraser et al., 2014) Group / corporate author: La Trobe University (2018) or (La Trobe University, 2018) See Style notes for more information.
Author Prominent	Larkin (2004) claims that Paine's writings "represented a turning point in the revolution" (p. 10). Bakris et al. (2010) found this applied to "15 patients (4%) in the darusentan treatment" (p. 828).
Information Prominent	"Paine's choice of metaphors, diction, syntax, and evidence were crucial to his success" (Larkin, 2004, p. 26). It was found that "individuals can discriminate between members of their own and a closely related sympatric species on the basis of song and beak morphology" (Grant & Grant, 2008, p. 78).
Paraphrasing: You may* include page numbers if it would help your reader locate the relevant passage in a long or complex text.*
Author Prominent	Benesch (2001) described the function of the rhetorical-grammatical process chart. Chambers et al. (2013) state the benefit of working collaboratively.
Information Prominent	It was suggested that the packaging made a difference (Bakris et al., 2010). International students are reporting higher levels than domestic students (Australian Council for Educational Research, 2010).