Images, figures and tables

Check if the person who has reproduced the image has referenced the creator or copyright holder. It may be the author of the journal article or book. If you are still unsure, try uploading or copying a link to where you found the image into Google Lens.

Information on the copyright can usually be found in the first few pages of a book, or the footer of a webpage – you will usually also see the copyright symbol ©. Sometimes the creator of the figure or table will replace their copyright with a creative commons (CC) licence. Through this licence the creator has indicated how it may be reused.

Figure 1

Correlation Plot Between Full Scale IQ (FISQ) and Relative Alpha Reactivity

Note. From “Atypical Electrophysiological Indices of Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting-State in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and Autism,” by  A. Bellato, I. Arora, P. Kochhar, C. Hollis, and M. J. Groom, 2020, Brain Sciences, 10(5), Figure 5 (https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050272). CC BY 4.0.

Format of full citation and copyright statement

From or [Adapted from] “Title of Article,” by A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, Year, Journal Title, Volume(Issue), page number or figure number or location (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

In-text

Figure 1 shows... or (see Figure 1).

Reference List

Bellato, A., Arora, I., Hollis, C., & Groom, M.J. (2020). Atypical electrophysiological indices of eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state in children and adolescents with ADHD and Autism. Brain Sciences, 10(5), 272–284. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050272

Figure 2

Sectional Glass and Iron Dials

Note. From Tower Clocks (p. 8), 1911, Seth Thomas Clock Company (https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks). CC BY 3.0.

Full citation and copyright statement

Book or Report

From or [Adapted from] Title of Book or Report (# ed., p. xx), by A. A. Author, B. B. Author, and C. C. Author, Year, Publisher (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

Chapter

From or [Adapted from] “Title of Chapter,” by A. A. Author, B. B. Author, and C. C. Author, in E. E. Editor and F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (edition or volume xx, p. xx), Year, Publisher (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

In-text

Figure 2 shows... or (see Figure 2).

Reference List

Tower clocks. (1911). Seth Thomas Clock Company. https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks

Figure 3

Detail of Banskia Ericifolia Flower

Note. From Detail of Banksia Ericifolia Flower, by C. Davies, n.d., CSIRO Science Image (http://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/3260/detail-of-banksia-ericifolia-flower/). CC BY 3.0.

Format of citation and copyright statement

With author

From or [Adapted from] Title of Webpage, by A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, Year, Site name (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

No author

From or [Adapted from] Title of Webpage, by Site Name, Year (URL or DOI). Copyright Year by Name of Copyright holder or In the public domain or Creative Commons Licence abbreviation (with link).

In-text

Figure 3 shows... or (see Figure 3).

Reference List

Davies, C. (n.d.). Detail of Banksia ericifolia flower [Photograph]. CSIRO Science Image. http://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/3260/detail-of-banksia-ericifolia-flower/

Figure 4

David Mann Library

Note. From Face to Face Services Resume at our Regional Libraries, by La Trobe University Library, 2021, La Trobe University (https://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/announcements/2021/face-to-face-services-resume-at-our-regional-libraries). Copyright 2021 by La Trobe University Library.

Format of citation and copyright statement

Webpage with author

From or [Adapted from] Title of Webpage, by A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, Year, Site name (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

Webpage with no author

From or [Adapted from] Title of Webpage, by Site Name, Year (URL or DOI). Copyright Year by Name of Copyright holder or In the public domain or Creative Commons Licence abbreviation (with link).

In-text reference

Figure 4 shows... or (see Figure 4).

Reference List

La Trobe University Library. (2021, June 7). Face to face services resume at our regional libraries. https://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/announcements/2021/face-to-face-services-resume-at-our-regional-libraries

Figure 5

Medical Collage

Note. Top image from Close-up of Lab Worker Looking at Speciman Under Microscope, by G. Fring, 2021, Pexels (https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-lab-worker-looking-at-specimen-under-microscope-8770717/). Used under licence. Middle image from Cell Seen Under Microscope, by Fayette Reynolds M.S., 2022, Pexels (https://www.pexels.com/photo/cell-seen-under-microscope-11198506/). Used under licence. Bottom image from DNA Analysis Research, by G. Altman, 2018, Pixabay (https://pixabay.com/illustrations/dna-analysis-research-3539309/). Used under licence.

Format of citation and copyright statement

Use the template for the type of resource the image is being copied from e.g., from a journal article, image database etc.

Follow the same example for when you have gathered data from different sources to create an infographic or graph.

In-text reference

Figure 5 shows... or (see Figure 5).

Reference List

Altman, G. (2018). DNA analysis research. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/dna-analysis-research-3539309/

Fayette Reynolds M.S. (2021). Cells seen under a microscope. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/cell-seen-under-microscope-11198506/

Fring, G. (2021). Close-up of lab worker looking at speciman under microscope. Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-lab-worker-looking-at-specimen-under-microscope-8770717/

Figure 6

Warm Sunset

Note. Image generated using the prompt "Create image of a sunset using wool." From ChatGPT, by Open AI, 2024 (https://chatgpt.com/). Used under licence.

Format of citation and copyright statement

Image generated using the prompt “Enter prompt details.” From Title of Program, by Author, A.A. or Organisation as Author, Year, Publisher (URL). Copyright statement.

*Omit the publisher if it is the same as the author.

For more information about using AI, see: Copyright considerations when using artificial intelligence.

In-text reference

Figure 6 shows... or (see Figure 6).

Reference List

Open AI. (2024). ChatGPT (GPT-4o version) [Large language model]. https://chatgpt.com/

Figure 7

Title of Figure

[Insert image here]

Note. From Microsoft 365 Stock Images. Used under licence.

In-text reference

Figure 7 shows... or (see Figure 7).

Reference List

Not required.

Figure 8

The Tanks

Note. Forster, New South Wales.

Format of citation and copyright statement

Not required.

In-text

Figure 8 shows... or (see Figure 8).

Reference List

Not required.

In APA style presentations,

• the figure number and title are optional. 
• if you have reproduced the image from another source, you must include the Note. with the full citation and copyright statement. The full reference is also provided in the reference list. Follow the same format provided in the examples above.
• it is okay to place the note in smaller font at the bottom of a presentation slide. 
• if the image is your own work, the note is optional.
• If you have reproduced images from Microsoft 365 Stock Images through out your assignment as decoration, the La Trobe Copyright Officer recommends providing an acknowledgement at the beginning or end or your presentation e.g.,

All images unless otherwise attributed are from Microsoft 365 Stock Images, used under licence.

If you are reproducing an image from another source, the answer is yes.

The Copyright Officer at La Trobe University recommends you reference the creator or copyright holder of an image even if a licence states that it is not required. Exceptions to this include:

• Images you have created - you do not need to reference your own work however, you do need to reference images you have created using Generative AI.
• Clip art and stock images from programs such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint - in this instance, the Copyright Officer suggests an acknowledgement at the end of the presentation will suffice.

For more information about using AI, see: Copyright considerations when using artificial intelligence.

Source: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., pp. 346-347).

There are 2 options:

• In the body of your assignment, after you have referred to it (e.g. Figure 1 shows...)
• On a separate page(s) after the reference list.

Figure #

Title of the Figure

[Insert image here]

Note.  Short description of image (optional).  From [or Adapted from] full citation and copyright statement.

For more information, see: APA 7 Style Blog: Figure Setup and APA 7 Style Blog: Sample Figures.

• All figures are numbered as they appear in-text.
• The word Figure and the figure number are in bold, e.g. Figure 1.
• Figures are numbered in a separate sequence to any tables.
• If you include a figure in your document you should refer to it in your text, e.g. Figure 1 shows... (not 'figure above' or 'figure below').
• The figure number is optional in presentations.

• The Figure Title is written in italics below the Figure number. 
• Give the figure a short clear descriptive title in Title Case.
• The figure title is optional in presentations.

• The Note. is immediately below each figure.
• A note is included if you need to explain the figure or its contents.
• The note is optional in presentations only IF a full citation and copyright statement is not required.
• If the figure (or the data you have used to create the figure) is reprinted or adapted from another source the note must include a full citation and a copyright statement.

• The full citation includes all elements of the reference in the order of title, author, year of publication and source, determined by where you reprinted or adapted it from. 
• From or Adapted from - 
  • Use From when you are reproducing an image / figure as is (i.e. you haven't made any changes).
  • Use Adapted from when you are reproducing an image / figure or data from another source and you have changed it for your own purposes, e.g. put data into a graph of your own, joined two images together.

The copyright statement is a notice stating the name of the creator, date, and / or licence details.  It is usually in one of the following formats:

• Copyright Year by Name of Copyright holder, e.g. Copyright 2020 by La Trobe University.
• Creative Commons Licence abbreviation (with link), e.g. CC BY 4.0.
• Used under licence. Use this when a work is available to use under a specific licence agreement e.g., Pixabay, Unsplash, Microsoft 365 Stock Images.
• In the Public Domain.This statement can only be used if a resource is no longer subject to copyright. Copyright expires depending on different factors, when this happens you will see the comment ‘in the public domain’ which allows you to reuse the figure, still with appropriate referencing. In the public domain can only be used if the resource is no longer subject to copyright. For more information, see Duration of Copyright or contact the University Copyright Office for advice.

Table 1

Diameter of Bells (at their Mouth) and their Weight

Note. Adapted from Tower Clocks (p. 10), 1911, Seth Thomas Clock Company (https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks). CC BY 3.0.

Format of full citation and copyright statement

Note: the above example is of a book with no author.  The format of the full citation for a book, book chapter, or report with an author is:

Book or book report

From or [Adapted from] Title of Book or Report (# ed., p. xx), by A. A. Author, B. B. Author, and C. C. Author, Year, Publisher (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

Book chapter

From or [Adapted from] “Title of Chapter,” by A. A. Author, B. B. Author, and C. C. Author, in E. E. Editor and F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of Book (edition or volume xx, p. xx), Year, Publisher (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

In-text reference

Table 1 shows....or (see Table 1)

Reference list entry

Tower clocks. (1911). Seth Thomas Clock Company. https://archive.org/details/TowerClocks

Table 2

Correlation Matrix Between Active and Passive Usage of Social Networking Sites (SNS) and Subjective Well-Being (SWB)

Note. Correlation results for usage of social networking sites and subjective well-being. From “Taking a Break: The Effect of Taking a Vacation from Facebook and Instagram on Subjective Well-Being” by S. Hanley, S. Watt, & W. Coventry, 2019, PLoS ONE, 14(6), Table 2 (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743). CC BY 4.0.

Format of full citation and copyright statement

From [or Adapted from] “Title of Article,” by A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, Year, Journal Title, Volume(Issue), page number (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

In-text reference

Table 2 shows...or (see Table 2)

Reference list entry

Hanley, S.M., Watt, S.E., & Coventry, W. (2019). Taking a break: The effect of taking a vacation from Facebook and Instagram on subjective well-being. PLoS ONE, 14(6), Article e0217743. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743

Table 3

Persons Aged 18 Years and Over - Proportion of Current Daily Smokers, 2017-18

Note. From “Smoking” by Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2018 (https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/smoking/2017-18). CC BY 4.0.

Format of full citation and copyright statement

Webpage (with author/s)

From or [Adapted from] “Title of Webpage,” by A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author, Year, Site name (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

Webpage (no author/s)

From or [Adapted from] “Title of Webpage,” by Site Name, Year (URL or DOI). Copyright statement.

In-text reference

Table 3 shows...or (see Table 3).

Reference list entry

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018). Smoking. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/smoking/2017-18

Table 1

Number of Books Read Per Month in 2024

Note. Lower reading levels in March correlate with working extra hours.

In-text reference

Table 1 shows....or (see Table 1)

Reference list entry

Not required.

If you have created your own table using data from different sources, you can use basic in-text referencing within the table OR superscript ^a, ^b, ^c, to identify each in-text reference - Table 2 and Table 3 show two basic examples of how to do this .  The examples are based on information in APA Style Blog: How to cite sources in a table.

Table 2

Benefits of Reading for Young children

Note.  Use '&' (not 'and') for all in-text citations within a table.

Table 3

Benefits of Reading for Young children

Note. ^aCarter and Ghelani (2025, Thinking About Diversity and Inclusion section, para. 5). ^bCunningham and Stanovich (1998, p. 7). ^cAttiyat (2019, p. 161).

In-text reference

Table 2 shows....or (see Table 3)

Reference list entries (for both tables)

Attiyat, N. M. A. (2019). The impact of pleasure reading on enhancing writing achievement and reading comprehension. Arab World English Journal, 10(1), 155-165. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol10no1.14 

Carter, J., & Ghelani, K. (2025). Introduction to reading for pleasure. In J. Carter (Ed.), Putting social justice and equity at the hard of reading for pleasure: Tools, tips and research to support professionals in primary classrooms. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003409939-1

Cunningham, A. E., & Stanovich, K. E. (1998). What reading does for the mind. American Educator, 22(1-2), 8-15. https://www.aft.org/ae/springsummer1998/cunningham_stanovich

If you are reproducing a table from another source, the answer is yes.

The Copyright Officer at La Trobe University recommends you reference the creator or copyright holder of an table even if a licence states that it is not required.

• If you are reproducing or adapting a table from another source, you are required to provide a full citation and copyright statement in the Note. Please see the Reproduce a table (from another source) for more information.
• If you have created your own table using data from different sources, you can use basic in-text referencing within the table OR superscript ^a, ^b, ^c, to identify each in-text reference. Please see the Create your own table tab for more information.

If you are referring to a table from another source, you can include it in place of a page number in your in-text reference e.g.,

(Hanley et al., 2019, Table 2), or

Hanley et al. (2019, Table 2) shows...

Please see APA 7 Style Blog: Citing specific parts of a source.

Reference list entry

Hanley, S.M., Watt, S.E., & Coventry, W. (2019). Taking a break: The effect of taking a vacation from Facebook and Instagram on subjective well-being. PLoS ONE, 14(6), Article e0217743. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217743

There are 2 options:

• In the body of your assignment, after you have referred to it (e.g. Table 1 shows...)
• On a separate page(s) after the reference list.

For more information, see APA Style Blog: Table setup.

Table #

Title of the Table

[Insert table here]

Note.  Short description of table (optional).  From [or Adapted from] full citation and copyright statement.

For more information, see: APA 7 Style Blog: table Setup and APA 7 Style Blog: Sample tables.

• All tables are numbered as they appear in-text.
• The word Table and the table number are in bold, e.g. Table 1.
• Tables are numbered in a separate sequence to any tables.
• If you include a table in your document you should refer to it in your text, e.g. Table 1 shows...or (see Table 1).

For more information, see APA Style Blog: Table setup.

• The Table Title is written in italics below the Table number. 
• Give the table a short clear descriptive title in Title Case.

For more information, see APA Style Blog: Table setup.

• The Note. is immediately below each table.
• A note is included if you need to explain the table or its contents. There are 3 different types of notes - General, Specific, Probability.
• If the table is reproduced or adapted from another source the general note must include a full citation and copyright statement.

For more information, see APA Style Blog: Table setup.

• The full citation includes all elements of the reference in the order of title, author, year of publication and source, determined by where you reprinted or adapted the table from. 
• From or Adapted from - 
  • Use From when you are reproducing a table as is (i.e. you haven't made any changes).
  • Use Adapted from when you are reproducing a table from another source and you have adapted it for your own purposes e.g., added extra data of your own or from another source.

The copyright statement is a notice stating the name of the creator, date, and / or licence details.  It is usually in one of the following formats:

• Copyright Year by Name of Copyright holder, e.g. Copyright 2020 by La Trobe University.
• Creative Commons Licence abbreviation (with link), e.g. CC BY 4.0.
• Used under licence. Use this when a work is available to use under a specific licence agreement e.g., Pixabay, Unsplash, Microsoft 365 Stock tables.
• In the Public Domain.This statement can only be used if a resource is no longer subject to copyright. Copyright expires depending on different factors, when this happens you will see the comment ‘in the public domain’ which allows you to reuse the table, still with appropriate referencing. In the public domain can only be used if the resource is no longer subject to copyright. For more information, see Duration of Copyright or contact the University Copyright Office for advice.